A
ABI-AUTOMATED
BROKER INTERFACE
-
Refers
to a system available to brokers with the computer capabilities
and customs certification to transmit and exchange customs entries
and other information, facilitating prompt release of imported
cargo.
-
AD
HOC CHARTER
-
A
one-off charter operated at the whim of airline or charterer.
-
AD
VALOREM
-
Latin,
"according to the value."
-
-
An
ad valorem duty is an import duty based on the value of an
article as defined in the customs law of a particular
country, rather than on weight or volume. A percentage of
that value is charged, for example 5% ad valorem.
-
A
freight rate set at a certain percentage of the value of
an article is known as an ad valorem rate. (See Ad Valorem
duty)
-
ADVANCE
AGAINST DOCUMENTS
-
A
loan made on the security of the documents covering a shipment.
-
ADVISING
BANK
-
A
bank operating in the exporter's country that handles letters of
credit for a foreign bank by notifying the exporter that the
credit has been opened in his favor.
-
AGENCY
AGREEMENT
-
In
this agreement the steamship line appoints the steamship agent and
defines the specific duties and areas of responsibility of that
agent.
-
AIR
CARGO AGENT
-
A
type of freight forwarder who specializes in air cargo and acts
for airlines. He is registered with the International Air
Transport Association (IATA)
-
AIR
WAYBILL
-
A
non-negotiable contract for carriage of air transportation between
an air carrier and a shipper, or an air carrier and an air freight
forwarder. In the latter case the forwarder, as an indirect air
carrier, issues his own house air waybill to the shipper.
-
IATA
-
International
Air Transport Association, IATA
-
ALL-RISK
CLAUSE
-
An
insurance provision that all loss or damage to goods is insured
except that of inherent vice (self caused). (See All Risk
Insurance).
-
"ALL
RISK" INSURANCE
-
A
clause included in marine insurance policies to cover loss and
damage from external causes, such as fire, collision, pilferage,
etc. but not against innate flaws in the goods, such as decay,
germination, nor against faulty packaging or loss of market, nor
against war, strikes, riots and civil commotions (See Marine
Insurance).
-
ALONGSIDE
-
The
side of the ship. Goods to be delivered alongside are to be placed
on the dock or lighter within reach of the ship's tackle from
which they can be loaded aboard the ship.
-
AUTOMATED
BROKER INTERFACE (ABI)
-
An
electronic system allowing customhouse brokers and importers to
interface via computer with the US Customs Service for
transmitting entry and entry summary data on imported merchandise.
B
-
BARTER
-
The
direct exchange of goods and/or services without the use of money
as a medium of exchange and without third-party involvement.
-
BELLY
CARGO
-
Freight
accommodation below the main deck.
-
BERMUDA
AGREEMENT
-
An
agreement concluded in 1946 between the U.K. and the U.S.,
designed to regulate future international air traffic. Most
governments accept its principles and follow it inter alia by
limiting traffic rights on international routes to one or two
carriers.
-
BERTH
-
The
place beside a pier, quay or wharf where a vessel can be loaded or
discharged.
-
BERTH
LINER SERVICE
-
Regular
scheduled steamship line with regular published schedules (port of
call ) from and to defined trade areas.
-
BERTH
OR LINER TERMS
-
An
expression covering assessment of ocean freight rates generally
implying that loading and discharging expenses will be for ship
owner's account, and usually apply from the end of ship's tackle
in port of loading to the end of ship's tackle in port of
discharge.
-
BILL
OF LADING
-
A
document, issued by a carrier to a shipper, that serves a
threefold purpose;
-
-
A
receipt for the goods delivered to the carrier for
shipment;
-
A definition of the
contract of carriage of the goods from the port of shipment
to the port of destination listed in the bill of lading
-
Evidence of title to the relative goods
-
B/L
-
Bill
of Lading - A written document issued by a common carrier,
acknowledging the receipt of the goods named and setting forth the
terms of the contract of carriage. When in order form, it is
negotiable.
-
BLOODSTOCK
-
Pedigree
Livestock. Often race horses or cattle for breeding.
-
BONDED
WAREHOUSE
-
A
warehouse authorized by customs authorities for storage of goods
on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are
removed.
-
BOOKING
-
Arrangements
with steamship companies for the acceptance and carriage of
freight.
-
BREAKPOINT
-
Weight
at which freight charges change eg 100 kilos.
-
BULK
CARGO
-
Loose
cargo that is loaded directly into a ship's hold.
-
BULK
CARRIER
-
There
are two types of bulk carrier, the dry-bulk carrier and the
liquid-bulk carrier better known as a tanker. Bulk cargo is a
shipment such as oil, grain, or ore which is not packaged,
bundled, bottled, or otherwise packed and is loaded without
counting or marking.
-
BULK
SOLIDS
-
Dry
cargo shipped in containers, loose, in bulk, without mark or
count.
C
-
CAD
-
The
acronym meaning "cash against documents," a method of
payment for goods in which documents transferring title are given
to the buyer upon payment of cash to an intermediary acting for
the seller.
-
CARGO
-
Merchandise/commodities
carried by means of transportation.
-
CARNET
-
A
customs document permitting the holder to carry or send
merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries without
paying duties or posting bonds.
-
CARRIER(S)
CONTAINER(S)/SHIPPER(S) CONTAINER(S)
-
The
term Carrier(s) Container(s) or Shipper(s) Container(s) means
containers over which the carrier or the shipper has control either
by ownership or by the acquisition thereof under lease or rental
from container companies or container suppliers or from similar
sources.
-
CARTEL
-
An
association of several independent national or international
business organizations that regulates competition by controlling
the prices, the production, or the marketing of a product or an
industry.
-
CERTIFICATE
OF MANUFACTURE
-
A
document used under a letter of credit, containing an affidavit
that goods have been manufactured and are being held for the
account and risk of the buyer. In war times, when transportation
facilities are disrupted, it is common for letter of credits to be
paid against presentation of a certificate of manufacture. This is
rare in ordinary times, except in the case of specially
manufactured goods.
-
CERTIFICATE
OF ORIGIN
-
A
document containing an affidavit to prove the origin of imported
goods. It is used for customs or foreign exchange purposes or
both. Certificates of origin are commonly certified by a chamber
of commerce in the exporting country and frequently must be
advised by a consul of the foreign country involved.
- CFR
-
Cost and Freight(... named port
of destination)
-
CFS
(CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION)
-
The
term CFS at loading port means the location designated by carriers
for the receiving of cargo to be packed into containers by the
carrier. At discharge ports, the term CFS means the bonded
location designated by carriers in the port area for unpacking and
delivery of cargo.
-
CFS/CFS
(PIER TO PIER)
-
The
term CFS/CFS means cargo delivered by break-bulk to Carrier's CFS
to be packed by Carrier into containers and to be unpacked by
Carrier from the container at Carrier's destination port CFS.
-
CFS/CY
(PIER TO HOUSE)
-
The
term CFS/CY means cargo delivered break-bulk to Carrier's CFS to
be packed by Carrier into containers and accepted by consignee at
Carrier's CY and unpacked by the consignee off Carrier's premises,
all at consignee's risk and expense.
-
CFS
CHARGE (CONTAINER FREIGHT CHARGE)
-
The
term CFS Charge means the charge assessed for services performed
at the loading or discharging port in packing or unpacking of
cargo into/from containers at CFS.
- CHARGEABLE WEIGHT
-
Chargeable weight is the
greater of the two weight, namely the gross weight or the volumetric
weight.
-
CHARTER
-
Originally
meant a flight where a shipper contracted hire of an aircraft from
an airline. Has usually come to mean any non-scheduled commercial
service.
-
CHARTER
PARTY
-
The
contract between the owner of a ship and the individual or company
chartering it. Among other specifications, the contract usually
stipulates the exact obligations of the ship-owner (loading the
goods, carrying the goods to a certain point, returning to the
charterer with other goods, etc.); or it provides for an outright
leasing of the vessel to the charterer, who then is responsible
for his own loading and delivery. In either case, the charter
party sets forth the exact conditions and requirements agreed upon
by both sides.
-
CHASSIS
-
A
wheel assemble including bogies constructed to accept mounting of
containers.
- CIF
-
Carriage and Insurance Paid to
(... named port of destination)
-
CIP
-
Carriage and Insurance Paid to
(... named place of destination)
-
-
CLASS RATES
-
A
class of goods or commodities is a large grouping of various items
under one general heading. All items in the group make up a class.
The freight rates that apply to all items in the class are called
class rates.
-
CLASSIFICATION
-
A customs term. The
placement of an item under the correct number in the customs tariff
for duty purposes. At times this procedure becomes highly
complicated
-
CLAUSED
BILL OF LADING
-
A
bill of lading which has exemptions to the receipt of merchandise
in "apparent good order" noted.
-
CLEAN
BILL OF LADING
-
A
bill of lading which covers goods received in "apparent good
order and condition" and without qualification.
-
cm
-
Centimeters
-
COMBI
-
An
aircraft with pallet or container capacity on its main deck as
well as in its belly holds.
-
COMBINATION
VESSELS
-
Container/Break-bulk
vessel - this type of ship accommodates both container and
break-bulk cargo. It can be either self sustaining or non-self
sustaining.
-
COMMERCIAL
INVOICE
-
An itemised list of goods
shipped, usually included among an exporter's collection papers.
-
CONFERENCE
-
A
group of vessel operators joined together for the purpose of
establishing freight rates.
-
CONSIGNEE
-
The
individual or company to whom a seller or shipper sends merchandise
and who, upon presentation of necessary documents, is recognized
as merchandise owner for the purpose of declaring and paying
customs duties.
-
CONSORTIUM
-
The
name for an agreement under which several nations or nationals
(usually corporations) of more than one nation, join together for
a common purpose. It could be for management or exploitation of a
natural resource, as in the case of some international petroleum
consortiums.
-
CONSULAR
DOCUMENTS
-
Special
forms signed by the consul of a country to which cargo is
destined.
-
CONSULAR
INVOICE
-
A
document, required by some foreign countries, describing a
shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor,
consignee, and value of the shipment. Certified by a consular
official of the foreign country, it is used by the country's
customs officials to verify the value, quantity and nature of the
shipment.
-
CONTAINER
-
The
term container means a single rigid, non-disposable dry cargo,
insulated, temperature controlled flatrack, vehicle rack portable
liquid tank, or open top container without wheels or bogies
attached, having not less than 350 cubic feet capacity, having a
closure or permanently hinged door that allows ready access to the
cargo (closure or permanently hinged door not applicable to
flatrack vehicle rack or portable liquid tank). All types of
containers will have constructions, fittings and fastenings able to
withstand without permanent distortion, all the stresses that may be
applied in normal service use of continuous transportation. All
containers must bear manufacturer's specifications (for more details
on Container configurations, refer to the section on Container
Configurations)
-
CONTAINER
SHIP
-
Ocean
going ship designed to carry containers both internally and on
deck. Some are self sustaining.
-
CONTAINERIZATION
-
Concept
for the ultimate unitizing of cargo used by both steamship lines
and air cargo lines. Containers allow a greater amount of cargo
protection from weather, damage, and theft.
-
CONTAINERS
(AIR CARGO)
-
Many types of air cargo
containers are offered: The containers are designed in various sizes
and irregular shapes to conform to the inside dimensions of a
specific aircraft (Refer to Container Configurations section for
more details of Aircraft Containers)
-
CONTAINERS
(OCEAN)
-
Designed
to be moved inland on its own chassis and can be loaded at the
shippers plant for shipment overseas. Basic types of containers
are; dry van, open top, half high, hi cube, flat rock, tank
container, refrigerated container, insulated container, tilting
container. Average outside dimensions are generally 20, 35, and 40
feet in length, 8 feet wide and 8 feet high standard.
- CPT
-
Carriage Paid to (...named
place of destination)
- CUSTOMS BONDED WAREHOUSE
-
A
warehouse where imported goods may be stored for a total of three
years without the payment of duty or taxes.
-
CUSTOMS
BROKER
-
A
service company that transacts customhouse formalities on behalf
of an importer. In the United States, a customs broker must be
licensed by the Treasury Department and pass a government
examination covering a broad range of knowledge, including all
phases of import regulations, rates of duties, customs law, etc.
-
CUSTOMS
TARIFF
-
A
schedule of charges assessed by the federal government on imported
goods.
-
CY
(CONTAINER YARD)
-
The
term CY means the location designated by Carrier in the port
terminal area for receiving, assembling, holding, storing and
delivering containers, and where containers may be picked up by
shippers or re-delivered by consignees. No container yard (CY)
shall be a shipper's, consignee's, NVOCC's, or a forwarder's place
of business, unless otherwise provided.
-
CY/CFS
(HOUSE TO PIER)
-
The
term CY/CFS means containers packed by shipper of carrier's
premises and delivered by shipper to Carrier's CY, all at
shipper's risk and expense and unpacked by Carrier at the
destination port CFS.
-
CY/CY
(HOUSE TO HOUSE)
-
The
term CY/CY means containers packed by shipper off Carrier's
premises and delivered by shipper to Carrier's CY and accepted by
consignee a t Carrier's CY and unpacked by consignee off Carrier's
premises, all at the risk and expense of cargo.
D
- DAF
-
Delivered At Frontier (...
named place)
-
DANGEROUS
GOODS
(see also Hazardous
Material Classifications)
-
Articles
or substance capable of posing a significant risk to health,
safety or property, and that ordinarily require special attention
when being transported.
-
DATE
DRAFT
-
A
draft that matures in a specified number of days after issuance
without regard to date of acceptance.
-
DEAD
FREIGHT
-
Freight
charges paid by the charterer of vessel for the contracted space,
which is left partially unoccupied.
-
DECK
CARGO
-
Cargo
carried on deck rather than stowed under deck. On deck carriage is
required for certain commodities, such as explosives.
-
DEMURRAGE
-
A
penalty for exceeding free time allowed for loading or unloading
at a pier or freight terminal. Also a charge for undue detention
of transportation equipment or carriers in port while loading or
unloading.
- DES
-
Delivered Ex Ship (... named
port of destination)
-
-
DEQ
-
Delivered Ex Quay(... named
port of destination)
- DDU
-
Delivered Duty Unpaid (...
named place of destination)
-
- DDP
-
Delivered Duty Paid (... named
place of destination)
-
DGR
-
Dangerous
Goods Requirement.
-
DOCK
RECEIPT
-
When
cargo is delivered to a steamship company at the pier, the
receiving clerk issues a dock receipt.
-
DOT
-
Department of
Transportation (U.S.A)
-
DRAFT
-
(also
Bill of Exchange) An unconditional order in writing from one
person (the Drawer) to another (the Drawee), directing the drawee
to pay a specified amount to a named drawer on a fixed date.
-
DRY
LEASE
-
The
rental of a "clean" aircraft without crew, ground staff
or supporting equipment.
E
-
EDI
or EDIFACT
-
Electronic
Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport, from
the UN-backed electronic data interchange standards body, to
create electronic versions of common business documents that will
work on a global scale. One digital document under consideration,
the International Forwarding and Transport Message will do the
jobs of six different electronic messages currently in use.
-
- EXPORT DECLARATION (U.S.A)
-
A
form to be completed by the exporter or their authorized agent and
filed in triplicate by a carrier with the United State Collector
of customs at the point of exit. It serves a twofold purpose:
-
-
-
Primarily,
it is used by the U.S. Bureau of Census for the
compilation of export statistics on United States foreign
trade (for this reason an export declaration is required
for practically all shipments from the United States to
foreign countries and the United States possessions,
except for mail shipments of small value, or for those of
a non commercial character);
-
The
declaration also serves as an export control document
because it must be presented, together with the export
license, to the United States Customs at the port of
export. If the goods may be exported under general export
license, this fact must be stated on the export
declaration.
-
-
EXPORT LICENSE
(U.S.A)
-
A
document secured from a government, authorizing an exporter to
export a specific quantity of a particular commodity to a certain
country. An export license is often required if a government has
place embargoes or other restrictions upon exports. See General
Export License.
- EXW
-
Ex-Works ( . . . named place)
F
- FAS
-
Free Alongside Ship (... named
port of shipment)
-
F.C.L.
-
Full
container load, full car load.
- FCA
-
Free Carrier (... named place)
-
-
FEU
-
Forty
foot equivalent
-
FIATA
-
International
Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations.
- FOB
-
Free on Board (... named port
of destination)
-
-
FORCE
MAJEURE
-
The
title of a standard clause found in marine contracts exempting the
parties for nonfulfillment of their obligations by reasons of
occurrences beyond their control, such as earthquakes, floods or
war.
-
FORWARDER,
FREIGHT FORWARDER, FOREIGN FREIGHT FORWARDER
-
An independent business
that dispatches shipments for exporters for a fee. The firm may ship
by land, air, or sea, or it may specialize. Usually it handles all
the services connected with an export shipment; preparation of
documents, booking cargo space, warehouse, pier delivery and export
clearance. The firm may also handle banking and insurance services
on behalf of a client.
-
FREE
IN (F.I.)
-
Cost
of loading a vessel is borne by the charterer.
-
FREE
IN AND OUT (F.I.O.)
-
Cost
of loading and unloading a vessel is borne by the charterer.
-
FREE
OUT (F.O.)
-
Cost
of unloading a vessel is borne by the charterer.
-
FREE
PORT
-
A
port which is a foreign trade zone, open to all traders on equal
terms; more specifically a port where merchandise may be stored
duty-free, pending re-export or sale within that country.
-
FREE
TRADE ZONE (FTZ)
-
A
designated area regarded as being outside a nation's customs
territory.
-
FREIGHT
FORWARDER
-
An
individual or company , acting on the behalf of a shipper, who
arranges all necessary details of shipping and documentation for a
manufacturer or exporter, which includes employing the services of
a carrier of carriers.
G
-
GANG
-
Group
of stevedores usually 4 to 5 members with supervisor assigned to a
hold or portion of the vessel being loaded or unloaded.
-
GATEWAY
-
Port
of entry into a country or region.
-
GATT
-
General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, a multilateral treaty intended to
help reduce trade barriers and promote tariff concessions.
-
GENERAL
AVERAGE
-
When
damage to cargo on board a vessel exceeds carrier's insurance,
carrier will release cargo only with an acceptance agreement to
claim only a general percentage of all the damage sustained.
-
GROSS
WEIGHT
-
Entire
weight of goods, packing, and container,, ready for shipment.
-
GSA
-
General Sales Agent acting
on behalf of an airline
H
-
HARMONIZED
CODE
-
An
internationally accepted and uniform description system for
classifying goods for customs, statistical and other purposes.
-
HATCH
-
The
cover of - or opening- in the deck of a vessel, through which
cargo is loaded.
-
HEAVY
LIFTS
-
Freight
too heavy to be handled by regular ship's tackle.
-
HEAVY
LIFT VESSEL
-
Specifically
designed to be self sustaining with heavy lift cranes, to handle
unusually heavy and/or out-sized cargoes.
-
HOUSE
AIR WAYBILL
-
An air waybill issued by a
freight consolidator.
-
HUB
-
A
central location to which traffic from many cities is directed and
from which traffic is fed to other areas.
-
HUSBANDING
-
Term
used by steamship lines, agents, or port captains who are
appointed to handle all matters in assisting the master of the
vessel while in port to obtain bunkering, fresh water, food and
supplies, payroll for the crew, doctors appointments, ship repair,
etc.
I
-
IATA
-
International
Air Transport Association.
-
ICAO
-
International
Civil Aviation Organization. A specialized agency of the United
Nations, with headquarters in Montreal. Its task is to promote
general development of civil aviation (e.g. aircraft design and
operation, safety procedures, contractual agreements).
-
ICC
-
International
Chamber of Commerce
-
IN-BOND
-
A
customs program for inland ports that provide for cargo arriving
at a seaport to be shipped under a Customs bond to a more
conveniently located inland port where the entry documents have
been filed. Customs clears the shipment there, and the cargo is
trucked to its destination, which normally is close to the inland
port.
INCOTERMS
A set of international rules
for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in
foreign trade. The uncertainties of different interpretations of such
terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a
considerable degree.
-
INDUCEMENT
-
This means the vessel will
call at the port if there is sufficient amount of profitable cargo
available and booked.
-
INLAND
CARRIER
-
A
transportation line which hauls export or import traffic between
ports and inland points.
-
-
INSPECTION
CERTIFICATE
-
A
document certifying that merchandise (such as perishable goods)
was in goods condition immediately prior to shipment.
-
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
-
Ownership
of the legal rights to possess, use or dispose of products created
by human ingenuity, including patents, trademarks and copyrights.
J
-
JETSAM
-
Goods
from a ship's cargo, or parts of its equipment, that have been
thrown overboard to lighten the load in time of danger, or to set
a stranded ship adrift.
-
JUST-IN-TIME
(JIT)
-
The
principle of production and inventory control in which goods
arrive when needed for production or use.
K
-
-
KNOCKED
DOWN (KD)
-
An
article taken apart, folded or telescoped in such a manner as to
reduce its bulk at least 33 1/3% below its assembled bulk.
-
KNOT
(Nautical)
-
The
unit of speed equivalent to one nautical mile, or 6,080.20 feet
per hour or 1.85 kilometers per hour.
L
-
L/C
- LETTER OF CREDIT
-
A
document issued by a bank per instructions by a buyer of goods,
authorizing the seller to draw a specified sum of money under
specified terms. Issued as revocable or irrevocable.
-
LAGAN
-
Cargo
or equipment to which an identifying marker or buoy is fastened,
thrown over-board in time of danger to lighten a ship's load.
Under maritime law if the goods are later found they must be
returned to the owner whose marker is attached; the owner must
make a salvage payment.
-
LAY
DAYS
-
The
dates between which a chartered vessel is to be available in a
port for loading of cargo.
-
L.C.L.
- Less than container load
-
LESS
THAN TRUCKLOAD (LTL)
-
Rates
applicable when the quantity of freight is less than the volume or
truckload minimum weight.
-
LETTER
OF CREDIT
-
A
document issued by a bank at a buyer's request honoring debt
obligations to the seller upon receipt of the document.
-
LIGHTER
-
An
open or covered barge equipped with a crane and towed by a
tugboat. Used mostly in harbors and inland waterways.
-
LIGHTERAGE
-
The
cost of loading or unloading a vessel by means of barges
alongside.
-
LINER
-
The
word "liner" is derived from the term "line
traffic" which denotes operation along definite routes on the
basis of definite, fixed schedules; a liner thus is a vessel that
engages in this kind of transportation, which generally involves
the haulage of general cargo as distinct from bulk cargo.
-
LIQUIDATION
-
The
finalization of a customs entry.
-
-
LO/LO
-
The
acronym meaning "lift-on,lift-off," denoting the method
by which cargo is loaded onto and discharged from an ocean vessel,
which in this case is by the use of a crane.
-
LTL
-
Less
than truckload
M
-
MANIFEST
-
A
list of the goods being transported by a carrier.
-
MARINE
INSURANCE
-
An
insurance which will compensate the owner of goods transported
overseas in the event of loss which cannot be legally recovered
from the carrier.
-
MARKING
-
Every
article of foreign origin, or its container, imported into the
United States shall be permanently marked in a conspicuous place
in a manner which would indicate to the ultimate purchaser the
English name of the country of origin of the article.
-
MATE'S
RECEIPT
-
Receipt
of cargo by the vessel, signed by the mate (similar to dock
receipt).
-
M/T
- Metric Ton
N
-
NATIONAL
CARRIER
-
A
flag carrier owned or controlled by the state.
-
NET
WEIGHT
-
(Actual
Net Weight) Weight of goods alone without any immediate wrappings;
e.g., the weight of the contents of a tin can without the weight
of the can.
-
NON-SCHEDULED
FLIGHT
-
See
scheduled flight.
-
NON-VESSEL
OPERATING COMMON CARRIER (NVOCC)
-
An
F.M.C. licensed cargo consolidator of small shipments in ocean
trade, generally soliciting business and arranging for or
performing containerization functions at the port.
O
-
OPEN
ACCOUNT
-
A
high-risk trade arrangement in which goods are shipped to a
foreign buyer without guarantee of payment.
P
-
PALLET
-
Load
carrying platform to which loose cargo is secured before placing
aboard the aircraft.
-
PARTICULAR
AVERAGE
-
Partial
loss or damage to goods.
-
PERILS
OF THE SEA
-
Most
losses covered by a marine insurance policy come within the
comprehensive expression "perils of the sea," which
refers to damage caused by heavy weather, strandings, strikings on
rocks or on bottom, collision with other vessels, contacts with
floating objects, etc.
-
PERISHABLES
-
Any
cargo that loses considerable value if it is delayed in
transportation (Usually refers to fresh fruit and vegetables).
-
PILFERAGE
-
As
used in marine insurance policies, the term denotes petty
thievery, the taking of small parts of a shipment, as opposed to
the theft of a whole shipment or large unit. Many ordinary marine
insurance policies do not cover against pilferage, and when this
coverage is desired, it must be added to the policy.
-
PORT
AUTHORITY
-
A
government body (city, county or state) which in international
shipping maintains various airports and/or ocean cargo pier
facilities, transit sheds, loading equipment warehouses for air
cargo, etc. Has the power to levy dockage and wharfage charges,
landing fees, etc.
-
PORT
OF DISCHARGE
-
Port
where vessel is off loaded and cargo discharges.
-
PORT
OF ENTRY
-
A
port at which foreign goods are re-admitted into the receiving
country.
-
PORT
OF LOADING
-
Port
where cargo is loaded aboard the vessel lashed and stowed.
-
POWER
OF ATTORNEY
-
A
document that authorizes a customs broker to sign all customs
documents on behalf of an importer.
-
PRIMA
FACIE
-
Latin,
"on first appearance." A term frequently encountered in
foreign trade. When a steamship company issues a clean bill of
lading, it acknowledges that the goods were received "in
apparent good order and condition" and this is said by the
courts to constitute prima facie evidence of the conditions of the
containers; that is, if nothing to the contrary appears, it must
be inferred that the cargo was in good condition when received by
the carrier.
-
PROFORMA
-
When
used with the title of a document, the term refers to an informal
document presented in advance of the arrival, or preparation of
the required document, in order to satisfy a customs requirement.
Q
R
-
RORO
(ROLL ON-ROLL OFF)
-
Direct
drive on/drive off wheeled vehicles on specially-designed
ocean-going vessels.
-
ROUTE
-
an
established air passage, from point of departure to terminating
station.
-
ROYALTY
-
a
charge on charter flights levied by some governments before
traffic rights are granted. Sometimes called a "no objection
fee." Usually a fixed proportion of a total charter value.
S
-
SALVAGE
-
Rescue
of goods from loss at sea or by fire; also, goods so saved, or
payment made or due for their rescue.
-
SCHEDULE
B
-
Refers
to "Schedule B, Statistical Classification of Domestic and
Foreign Commodities Exported from the United States." Being
replaced under the Harmonized System.
-
SCHEDULED
FLIGHT
-
Any
service that operates to a set timetable.
-
SHIPPER
-
Term used to describe
exporter.
-
SHIPPER'S
EXPORT DECLARATION
-
A form required by the
Treasury Department and completed by a shipper showing the value,
weight, consignee, destination, etc., of export shipments as well as
Schedule B identification number (for USA)
-
SHIP'S
MANIFEST
-
An
instrument in writing containing a list of the shipments
comprising the cargo of the vessel.
-
SHORT-SHIPPED
-
Cargo
manifested but not loaded.
-
STEAMSHIP
AGENT
-
A
duly appointed and authorized representative in a specified
territory acting in behalf of a steamship line or lines and
attending to all matters relating to the vessels owned by his
principals.
-
STEAMSHIP
LINE
-
Company
is usually composed of the following departments; vessel
operations, container operations, tariff department, booking,
outbound rates, inward rates and sales. the company can maintain
its own in country U.S. offices to handle regional sales,
operations and/or other matters or appoint steamship agents to
represent them doing same. Some lines have liner offices in
several regions and have appointed agents in others.
-
STOWAGE
-
The
lacing of cargo in a vessel in such a manner as to provide the
utmost safety and efficiency for the ship and the goods it
carries.
-
STRIKES,
RIOTS, AND CIVIL COMMOTIONS
-
An
insurance clause referring to loss or damage directly caused by
strikers, locked-out workmen, persons participation in labor
disturbances, and riots of various kinds. The ordinary marine
insurance policy does not cover this risk; coverage against it can
be added only by endorsement.
T
-
TALLY
SHEET
-
List
of cargo, incoming and outgoing, checked by Tally clerk on dock.
-
TARE
WEIGHT
-
The
weight of packing and containers without the goods to be shipped.
-
TARIFF
-
A general term for any
listing of rates, charges, etc.
-
TEMPERATURE
CONTROLLED CARGO
-
Any
cargo requiring carriage under controlled temperature.
-
TEU
-
Twenty
foot equivalent.
-
THIRD
FREEDOM RIGHT
-
Where
cargo is carried by an airline, from the country in which it is
based, to a foreign country.
-
TIME
DRAFT
-
A
draft that matures in a certain number of days, either from
acceptance or date of the draft.
-
TON
-
Freight
rates for liner cargo generally are quoted on the basis of a
certain rate per ton, depending on the nature of the commodity.
This ton, however, may be weight ton or a measurement ton.
-
TON-DEADWEIGHT
-
Indicates
the carrying capacity of the ship in terms of the weight in tons
of the cargo, fuel, provisions and passengers which a vessel can
carry.
-
TRAMP
-
A
tramp is a vessel that does not operate along a definite route on
a fixed schedule, but calls at any port where cargo is available.
-
TRANSSHIPMENT
-
The
transfer of a shipment from one carrier to another in
international trade, most frequently from one ship to another. In
as much as the unloading and reloading of delicate merchandise is
likely to cause damage, transshipments are avoided whenever
possible.
U
-
ULD
-
Unit
Load Device. Pallet or Container for freight (Refer to more
details under Container Configurations).
-
UNCLEAN
BILL OF LADING
-
A
bill containing reservations as to the good order and condition of
the goods, or the packaging, or both. Examples: "bags
torn;" "drums leaking;" "one case
damaged;" "rolls chafed."
V
-
VOLUME
WEIGHT
-
Used when calculating air
freight when the size of the carton is greater than the average
weight,
W
-
WAREHOUSE
RECEIPT
-
A
receipt of commodities deposited in a warehouse, identifying the
commodities deposited. It is non-negotiable if permitting delivery
only to a specified person or firm, but it is negotiable if made
out to the order of a person or firm or to a bearer. Endorsement
(without endorsement if made out to bearer) and delivery of a
negotiable warehouse receipt serves to transfer the property
covered by the receipt serves to transfer the property covered by
the receipt. Warehouse receipts are common documents in
international banking.
-
WAREHOUSE-TO-WAREHOUSE
-
A
clause in marine insurance policy whereby the underwriter agrees
to cover the goods while in transit between the initial point of
shipment and the point of destination, with certain limitations,
and also subject to the law of insurable interest. When it was
first introduced, the warehouse-to-warehouse clause was extremely
important, but now its importance is diminished by the marine
extension clauses, which override its provisions.
-
WAR
RISK
-
The
possible aggressive actions against a ship and its cargo by a
belligerent government. This risk can be insured by a marine
policy with a risk clause.
-
WAR
RISK INSURANCE
-
Insurance
issued by marine underwriters against war-like operations
specifically described in the policy. In former times, war risk
insurance was taken out only in times of war, but currently many
exporter cover most of their shipments with war risk insurance as
a protection against losses from derelict torpedoes and floating
mines placed during former wars, and also as a safeguard against
unforeseen warlike developments. In the United states, war risk
insurance is written in a separate policy from the ordinary marine
insurance; it is desirable to take out both policies with the same
underwriter in order to avoid the ill effects of a possible
dispute between underwriters as to the cause (marine peril or war
peril) of a given loss.
-
WEIGHT
-
-
Gross
- The weight of the goods including packing, wrappers, or
containers, internal and external. The total weight as
shipped.
-
Net
- The weight of the goods themselves without the inclusion
of any wrapper.
-
Tare
- The weight of the packaging or container.
-
Weight/Measurement
Ton - In many cases, a rate is shown per weight/measurement
ton, carrier's option. This means that the rate will be
assessed on either a weight ton or measurement ton basis,
whichever will yield the carrier the greater revenue.
-
WET
LEASE
-
An
arrangement for renting an aircraft under which the owner provides
crews, ground support equipment, fuel and so on (of dry lease).
-
WHARFAGE
-
A
charge assessed by a pier or dock owner against the cargo or a
steamship company for use of the pier or dock.
-
-
WITH
AVERAGE
-
A
marine insurance term meaning that shipment is protected for
partial damage whenever the damage exceeds a stated percentage.
-
W/M
-
Weight
and/or measurement
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